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Economy Reform : All exchange rate segmentation is “abolished with immediate effect,” Says CBN Director
…Market-driven currency regime excites financial experts
The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) yesterday unified all exchange rates within the economy into the Investors and Exporters (I&E) window.
In a circular to authorised dealers signed by CBN Director, Financial Markets, Angela Sere-Ejembi, the regulator said all exchange rate segmentation is “abolished with immediate effect”.
The CBN said all segments of the foreign exchange market are now collapsed into the I&E window.
It added that applications for medicals, school fees, Business Travel Allowance/Personal Travel Allowance and SMEs would continue to be processed through the I&E window.
Experts spoken to by our correspondence welcomed the development, saying it will remove corruption, increase Forex inflow and boost economic development.
The apex bank action is in line with the directive by President Bola Ahmed Tinubu in his inauguration day speech, which was yet to be carried out by suspended CBN Governor Godwin Emefiele before he was edged out of office last week.
Emefiele is currently under probe for his conduct during his nine years in office.
Under Emefiele, the CBN resisted the pressure from World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) that the naira should be floated to determine its real value and eliminate the corruption embedded in the multiple exchange rates regime.
In the circular, the CBN also said that the operational changes to the foreign exchange market include the re-introduction of the “Willing Buyer, Willing Seller” model at the I&E Window.
“Operations in this window shall be guided by the extant circular on the establishment of the window, dated 21 April 2017 and referenced FMD/DIR/CIR/GEN/08/007.
“All eligible transactions are permitted to access foreign exchange at this window,” it stated.
According to the circular, all operational rates for all government-related transactions shall be the weighted average rate of the preceding day’s executed transactions at the I&E window, calculated to two decimal places.
“Proscription of trading limits on oversold FX positions with permission to hedge short positions with OTC futures limits on overbought positions shall be zero.
“Re-introduction of order-based two-way quotes, with bid-ask spread of N1. All transactions shall be cleared by a Central Counter Party (CCP).
“Re-introduction of Order Book to ensure transparency of orders and seamless execution of trades.
“The operational hours of trades shall be from 9 am to 4 pm, Nigeria time,” the circular said.
Also, there is a cessation of the RT200 Rebate Scheme and the Naira4Dollar Remittance Scheme, with effect from 30 June 2023.
Market-driven naira value excites financial experts
The Finance and economic experts, who welcomed the floating of the Naira are the President, the Association of Capital Market Academics, Prof. Uche Uwaleke; Chief Executive Officer, Centre for the Promotion of Private Enterprise [CPPE], Mr Muda Yusuf; Fiscal Policy Partner and Africa Tax Leader, PwC, Taiwo Oyedele; Chief Economist, PwC Nigeria, Andrew Neven; Managing Director, Arthur Steven Asset Management, Mr Olatunde Amolegbe; and President, Association of Bureaux De Change Operators of Nigeria (ABCON), Alhaji Aminu Gwadabe.
Others are Senior Credit Research Analyst, REDD Intelligence, Mark Bohlund; former Executive Director, Keystone Bank, Richard Obire; Director General, Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN), Mr Segun Ajayi-Kadiri; Financial analysts, Renaissance Capital, Charles Robertson; and Managing Director, SD & D Capital Management Limited, Mr Gbolade Idakolo.
Uwaleke, who said that the unification of exchange rates would lead to “ a more transparent forex market,” however, advised the CBN to implement the policy ”in a way that it would not cause massive distortions in the general price level.”
He said: “The unification of exchange rates should not be a one-step process but should be implemented over a period of time however short it may be. Empirical evidence suggests that reforms are more successful when they are sequenced and implemented in phases. This is against the backdrop of the oil subsidy removal which, taken together, can result in galloping inflation and rising poverty levels. So, while fiscal and monetary policy reforms are welcome, absolute care should be taken to strike the right balance and minimise their unintended consequences.”
Yusuf said the policy would facilitate the mopping up of naira liquidity in the economy in the short to medium term.
That, according to him, will impact positively on inflation outlook and deepen the autonomous foreign exchange market through the liberalisation of inflows from export proceeds, diaspora remittances, multinational oil companies, diplomatic missions, etc.
He added that “the erstwhile foreign exchange policy regime was for all practical purposes, a fixed exchange rate regime that created distortions and negative outcomes.”
Yusuf said the distortions included “widening the gap between the official, other multiple windows and parallel market exchange rates, collapse of liquidity in the foreign exchange market and high demand for forex .”
He added: “It is important to reiterate that this is not a devaluation policy, it is a normalisation of the foreign exchange policy regime and an adjustment of rate to reflect the fundamentals of demand and supply. It would be dynamic, and the naira will appreciate or depreciate depending on the fundamentals.”
The expert advised the CBN to ”position itself for periodic intervention in the forex market, as and when necessary.”
Oyedele said the decision was a positive move that should bring more benefits than pains to the economy.
He outlined that with the market-driven rate, the aggregate demand for forex across markets should reduce as round-tripping incentive is removed, noting that avenues for corruption such as people who fake foreign travels just to get forex at discounted rates would be.
“Also, Nigeria’s sovereign credit rating should improve if this is complemented with the right fiscal and monetary policies thereby attracting more forex inflows and lowering the cost of borrowing,” Oyedele said.
In a 10-point impact analysis, Oyedele explained that while the decision expectedly would have some negative implications, the overall impact would be positive for the economy, government revenue and the capital market.
Neven expressed support for the policy as it would remove uncertainties and ensure transparency in the forex market.
“We had stated in a report to the CBN that as long as we don’t have a unified exchange rate, and there is a lack of transparency, nobody will invest in Nigeria. We will continue to have insufficient investment and growth and consequently remain poor. What we said years ago came to pass.
”During the (Muhammadu) Buhari Administration, the average growth rate was 1.5 per cent and the population growth was 2.7 per cent. So, it is a necessary condition to get enough investment into the country when we have a unified exchange rate.
“A situation where you have multiple exchange rates, where you don’t know how to have access to foreign exchange or at what price, simply is unworkable. Any system where you have to go to the CBN in order to access foreign exchange or get approval simply isn’t going to work. That is what has been proved over the last decade.
“I think the reaction to President Tinubu’s inauguration statement was very positive, and this latest statement is very positive. We view these as a necessary step toward economic recovery in Nigeria. We’re very much in favour of the unification of the exchange rate,” Neven said.
Ajayi-Kadiri said it was a “positive development and an indication of a far-sighted strategic choice”.
He said the policy, among other range of fiscal measures to promote domestic manufacturing, was borne out of a deep reflection on the current inclement manufacturing environment and the need to stop the drift into inglorious de-industrialization of the Nigerian economy.
The MAN chief, however, said in addition to pursuing the unification of the exchange rate, the CBN should be prevailed upon to take effective action to give priority to the allocations of forex to the productive sector, particularly to manufacturers to import raw materials, spares, and machinery that are not locally available.
Also, Amolegbe said the market-driven rate was another painful reform that needed to be done noting that the multiple exchange rate regime was not doing the economy any good.
“Not only did the former multiple exchange rate system discourage the inflow of much-needed foreign investments, but it also encouraged massive corruption. Harmonizing the rates should lead to better price discovery and hopefully lead to more transparent commerce. That is why the markets responded to it positively,” Amolegbe, a former president of the Chartered Institute of Stockbrokers (CIS) said.
Gwadabe said the removal of the rate cap would allow a true market clearance rate which has been the agitation of several stakeholders in the economy.
He said the move will harness and increase various sources of supply of dollars into the economy like foreign portfolio investment, foreign direct investment, diaspora remittances, and export proceeds, among others.
“The new directive, in my opinion, is to checkmate various illegal economic behaviours like rent-seeking, currency substitution, forex holding positions and frivolous demand in the market,” Gwadabe said.
Obire said eradicating multiple exchange rates would bring about increased dollar supply, and exchange rate stability.
Also, Bohlund said the unification would help the federal government to better balance its books as it is still highly dependent on dollar-linked oil revenue while spending is in naira.
While Robertson said that “Nigeria has become investable again, adding that attracting foreign money is wise when local savings are in short supply.”
Idakolo said the floating of the naira would lead to a free market system that allows market forces to determine the rate.
“This would allow availability to determine the rate and eliminate hoarding,” Idakolo said.
He added that the development “would also encourage foreign direct investment into the economy as restrictions limiting free flow has been lifted. In the long run, as the economy becomes stronger, the naira would begin to appreciate against the Dollar and the economic activities would now determine the strength of our currency going forward.”
…….GDP rose 4.43 per cent in Q2
President Bola Ahmed Tinubu yesterday assured Nigerians that his administration would intensify efforts to translate improving economic indicators into better living conditions. NigerianBusiness Directory
He declared that the economy is now on an “irreversible path” towards growth that households will feel at their dining tables and in their pockets.
The President said the Federal Government would, within the next few weeks, introduce measures targeted at vulnerable Nigerians, including cheaper means of transportation, increased food production and relief programmes designed to directly reach people at the grassroots.
Tinubu gave the assurances in his reaction to the latest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) figures released yesterday by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).
The report shows that the Nigerian economy grew by 4.43 per cent in the second quarter of 2026, compared with 4.23 per cent recorded in the corresponding quarter of 2025. NigerianBusiness Directory
The President welcomed the figures as further evidence that the economic reforms undertaken by his administration since May 2023 were yielding results, according to a statement by his spokesman, Bayo Onanuga.
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“Under our watch, the economy is on the irreversible path to experience even more growth that all homes will feel at the dining table and in their pockets. We are not resting on our oars.
“We are fully committed to translating consistent, stronger economic performance into better microeconomic outcomes for our citizens. We must stay vigilant by ensuring the sustainable progress we are recording remains irreversible,” Tinubu said.
According to the NBS report, growth was recorded across agriculture, manufacturing, oil and gas, and services, with the services sector maintaining its position as the largest contributor to aggregate GDP.
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In nominal terms, Nigeria’s aggregate GDP rose to N119.27 trillion in the second quarter, representing an 18.43 per cent increase from the N100.7 trillion recorded in the corresponding period of 2025.
Tinubu said his administration had spent the past three years taking difficult decisions necessary to stabilise the economy.
“In the past three years, we tried to do the hard part by implementing the necessary reforms to stabilise the economy.
“Now the economy is stabilised, and we have laid the foundation for a prosperous nation. We didn’t do the reforms to create challenges, but to ensure prosperity reaches all our people,” he said.
The President said the latest growth figures were among a series of indicators showing that his Renewed Hope Agenda was working, pointing to improvements in the country’s external reserves, trade position, credit ratings, infrastructure development and oil and gas production.
“The results of the efforts are becoming very clear to all: The Renewed Hope Agenda is working. Because of those tough decisions, today Nigeria has trade surpluses. Our foreign reserves are at their highest in 17 years. Our credit rating has moved up several notches.
“We are building roads, railways and superhighways that will last for a long time. Investors who left are returning. Oil and gas production is increasing,” Tinubu said.
He also cited developments in the education sector as evidence of progress, saying Nigerian universities had enjoyed stability while the Nigerian Education Loan Fund (NELFUND) was expanding access to tertiary education.
“And in our universities, for the first time in a long time, there are no strikes. Our children are in class. And through NELFUND, student loans are putting education within reach, and affordable credit is going to our civil servants through Creditcorp,” he said.
The President said the next phase of the administration’s intervention would place greater emphasis on alleviating pressures confronting vulnerable Nigerians and ensuring that improving macroeconomic indicators translate into tangible benefits. NigerianBusiness Directory
“In the next few weeks, we are addressing some of the challenges being faced by our vulnerable population by providing cheaper means of transport, ramping up food production and implementing various relief programmes that will touch lives at the grassroots,” he said.
Tinubu also took a swipe at the opposition, saying the latest economic figures had come at a time when opposition elements were attempting to diminish the achievements of his administration and promising to reverse some of its reforms if elected.
He maintained that the policies undertaken since the beginning of his administration were not intended to impose hardship on Nigerians, but to correct structural weaknesses and create the foundation for sustainable prosperity. NigerianBusiness Directory
The President pledged that his administration would remain focused on consolidating the gains recorded so far.
Economy expands further on broad-based growth across sectors
The NBS report, which shows 4.43 per cent growth in the second quarter, indicates that the growth outperformed both the first quarter of 2026 and the corresponding second quarter of 2025.
The report highlighted a broad-based economic expansion driven by significant improvements in the agricultural segment, non-oil sector, services and sustained growth in the oil sector.
The agricultural sector almost doubled its performance, with a growth of 4.39 per cent in the second quarter of 2026 compared with 2.82 per cent in the corresponding period of 2025.
The non-oil sector, which accounted for about 96 per cent of the economy, grew by 67 basis points to 4.31 per cent in the second quarter of 2026, compared with 3.64 per cent recorded in the second quarter of 2025. Non-oil sector growth was 3.94 per cent in the first quarter of 2026.
Non-oil sector performance was driven by growth across various segments, including crop production, telecommunications, real estate, trade, financial institutions, cement manufacturing and construction, among others.
The oil sector grew by 7.31 per cent in the second quarter of 2026, higher than the 2.57 per cent recorded in the first quarter of 2026, but lower than the 20.46 per cent recorded in the second quarter of 2025.
The industrial sector also grew by 3.96 per cent in the second quarter of 2026, as against 7.46 per cent recorded in the comparative period of 2025.
Average daily crude oil production rose to 1.72 million barrels per day (mbpd) in the second quarter of 2026, outperforming both the preceding quarter and the comparable period of 2025.
Crude production in the second quarter of 2026 was the highest since 2022. Oil production stood at 1.68 mbpd in the second quarter of 2025 and 1.55 mbpd in the first quarter of 2026.
The oil sector thus contributed 4.16 per cent to total real GDP in the second quarter of 2026, a sustained improvement on the 4.05 per cent recorded in the corresponding period of 2025 and 3.92 per cent recorded in the first quarter of 2026.
In nominal terms, total GDP rose by 18.43 per cent from N100.73 trillion in the second quarter of 2025 to N119.29 trillion in the second quarter of 2026.
In terms of GDP share, the services sector remained the dominant driver, contributing 56.62 per cent to aggregate GDP in the second quarter of 2026, as against 56.53 per cent recorded in the comparable period of 2025.
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The non-oil sector contributed 95.84 per cent to aggregate real GDP in the second quarter of 2026, as against 95.95 per cent in the second quarter of 2025 and 96.08 per cent in the first quarter of 2026.
Experts were unanimous that the latest GDP report showed a positive outlook for the economy.
Analysts at SCM Capital stated that the second-quarter 2026 GDP report underlined improved macroeconomic conditions and broad-based policy support, which have continued to anchor economic performance.
They said the report showed broad-based resilience, with an uptick in oil output reflecting gradual operational improvements and sustained field activity across major production basins, alongside a non-oil sector gaining stronger momentum.
Analysts at Coronation Group and Cordros Capital Group stated that the GDP performance outpaced their expectations, noting that the economy had shown resilience and steady growth.
sustained economic resilience, with growth anchored by the services sector alongside gradual improvement across non-oil activities.
“The outturn affirms our broader expectation of a steady, non-oil-led growth trajectory through the rest of the year,” Coronation Group stated.
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Update : NRC Releases Preliminary Report on Warri-Itakpe Train Crash, Says Wheel Defect May Have Triggered Derailment
……NRC Suspects Wheel Defect, Rules Out Track Vandalism
The Nigerian Railway Corporation (NRC) has released its preliminary report on the June 8, 2026 derailment involving the Warri–Itakpe Train Service (WITS), revealing that a possible sudden bogie or wheel defect may have triggered the accident.
The incident occurred at about 4:17pm near the Outer Home signal of the Goodluck Jonathan Railway Station at kilometre 177, Owa-Oyibu, Agbor, Delta State.
According to the NRC, the train had departed Itakpe at 12 noon with 482 people on board, comprising 442 passengers and 40 operational personnel, when the derailment occurred.
Five coaches, one locomotive and a power car were affected, with three coaches and the power car overturning.
The Corporation said emergency response operations were immediately activated with support from the Delta State Government, the Nigeria Police Force, Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC), National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), local authorities and medical teams.
All passengers were evacuated within two hours of the incident.
However, the accident resulted in four confirmed deaths — three adults and one child — while 64 people sustained various injuries.
The NRC said 28 injured passengers were treated and discharged at the Railway Hospital, Owa-Oyibu, while another 36 were transferred to hospitals in Owa-Oyibu, Owa-Alero and Agbor.
Most of those admitted were discharged within 72 hours, while three people, including an NRC employee who required surgery, remained under specialist medical care. Two of the affected persons subsequently underwent surgical procedures.
The Corporation also clarified that its initial report of five fatalities was later revised to four following verification with the Delta State medical team responsible for the deceased.
Possible wheel defect identified
The NRC said its internal investigation involved site inspections, evidence gathering, examination of operational records and communication data, technical assessments of the locomotive and rolling stock, as well as interviews with train crew, operations and maintenance personnel, witnesses and emergency responders.
The investigation also examined the track infrastructure, turnout arrangements, communication systems and the effectiveness of the emergency response and evacuation operations.
Based on the preliminary findings, the NRC said investigators identified the possible sudden development of a bogie/wheel defect while the train was in motion as a potential primary factor in the derailment.
According to the Corporation, such a defect could have resulted in abnormal wheel-rail interaction, excessive impact loading and loss of running stability.
The investigators also identified the possible manner in which the train’s brakes were applied as a factor that may have contributed to the severity of the accident.
However, the NRC stressed that both issues remain working hypotheses and that the definitive cause of the derailment would only be established after further technical analysis.
No evidence of track vandalism
The Corporation said its inquiry team found that the railway points at the accident location were intact and that there was no evidence of track vandalism.
This finding distinguishes the June 8 incident from two previous accidents involving the same Warri–Itakpe service on November 1 and November 8, 2025, which the NRC said were attributed to track vandalism.
The independent Nigerian Safety Investigation Bureau (NSIB) has also commenced its statutory investigation into the accident.
The NRC said it was cooperating fully with the NSIB and would be guided by the findings and recommendations contained in its final report.
NRC announces safety measures
Following the preliminary findings, the Corporation recommended comprehensive safety inspections and audits of rolling stock, railway tracks and infrastructure before equipment is returned to service.
It also called for stronger maintenance and condition-monitoring programmes, timely replacement of defective components and improved availability of critical spare parts.
The NRC further recommended a review of operational safety procedures, improved emergency preparedness and rescue capabilities, enhanced staff training and competency assessments, as well as sustainable funding for railway modernisation.
The Corporation also proposed improvements to its insurance and compensation framework to ensure adequate protection for passengers and staff in cases involving medical treatment, disability and fatalities.
WITS service yet to resume
The NRC said the affected track has been fully recovered and restored, while the locomotives involved have also been recovered and are currently undergoing reconditioning.
However, the Corporation said the Warri–Itakpe service would not resume until a detailed safety audit of the track and equipment has been completed.
The NRC expressed condolences to the families of those who lost their lives in the incident and apologised for the delay in releasing the preliminary report, explaining that additional time was required to properly verify the casualties and notify the affected families.
The Corporation said it remained committed to implementing recommendations arising from both its internal accident inquiry and the independent NSIB investigation, with the aim of strengthening railway safety and restoring public confidence in train transportation.
I’m
Veteran Yoruba actor Taiwo Hassan, popularly known as Ogogo, has died at 66.
His daughter, Kira Taiwo, confirmed his passing during an Instagram Live session on Sunday.
The news comes days after Kira and her sister, Lima Taiwo, made public appeals on Monday, August 17, 2026, for medical advice for their father, who was battling stage-four cancer.
Kira said doctors had stopped chemotherapy because of his condition, and the family was seeking alternative treatments, including specialised procedures and traditional remedies.
She clarified that the family was not asking for financial donations, but for information on possible treatment options.
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