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Taiwan in the Crossfire of History, Law, and Power: A Feature Analysis of Competing Claims and the One-China Question
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By Michael Olukayode
The status of Taiwan remains one of the most enduring and strategically sensitive disputes in modern international relations — a question where history, law, identity, and geopolitics collide without easy resolution. It is not merely a territorial disagreement between Beijing and Taipei; it is a layered contest over legitimacy, sovereignty, and the meaning of statehood in a shifting global order.
Across recent scholarly salons and policy interventions in Africa and beyond — particularly the Abuja media salon hosted by the China General Chamber of Commerce in Nigeria — a striking convergence has emerged around the One-China Principle, even as interpretations of its implications remain sharply contested.
The Historical Fault Line: 1949 and the Birth of Two Political Realities
The modern Taiwan question originates in the Chinese Civil War, which ended in 1949 with the Communist Party of China establishing the People’s Republic of China on the mainland while the defeated Kuomintang (KMT) government retreated to Taiwan.
As Professor Sheriff Ghali Ibrahim forcefully stated at the Abuja salon:
“Taiwan is not a sovereign entity, it has no independence and it is not a member of the United Nations.”
From Beijing’s perspective, this was not the creation of two states but the continuation of one China under different administrations.
This position aligns with the broader Chinese narrative repeatedly emphasized in diplomatic discourse, including the categorical assertion that:
“Taiwan has never been a country, was never one in the past, and will never be one in the future.”
Taiwan, however, evolved in a very different direction. Over decades, it developed into a functioning democratic polity with its own political institutions, elections, military structure, and constitutional governance.
This divergence produces what scholars describe as a central paradox: a de facto state operating with constrained de jure recognition, facing a sovereign claim from a rising global power.
The Legal Architecture: UN Resolution 2758 and Competing Interpretations
A cornerstone of Beijing’s argument is United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758, which restored China’s seat at the United Nations in 1971.
At the Abuja salon, Professor Sheriff Ghali Ibrahim insisted:
“This resolution has explicitly established… that there is only one seat for China in the United Nations, leaving no room for ‘two Chinas’ or ‘one China, one Taiwan’.”
From this perspective, Taiwan is not a separate subject of international law but part of China whose representation is subsumed under Beijing.
Taiwan and its supporters contest this interpretation, arguing that Resolution 2758 addresses representation — not sovereignty — leaving Taiwan’s political status deliberately unresolved.
This legal ambiguity has become what many scholars now describe as structured uncertainty, sustaining diplomatic flexibility while preventing formal resolution.
Beijing’s Position: Sovereignty, Reunification, and Historical Mission
China’s position is rooted in sovereignty, territorial integrity, and national rejuvenation.
As reiterated by President Xi Jinping:
“The great tide of compatriots on both sides of the strait becoming closer, more connected and coming together will not change. This is the verdict of history.”
In Chinese official discourse, reunification is not framed as a negotiable issue but as a historical inevitability tied to national revival.
This perspective was reinforced in Abuja by African analysts who align with Beijing’s framing of sovereignty as non-negotiable, with Professor Sheriff Ghali Ibrahim emphasizing that Africa’s diplomatic alignment reflects a global consensus increasingly anchored in the One-China Principle.
Taiwan’s Position: Democracy, Identity, and De Facto Sovereignty
Taiwan’s position rests on lived political reality and democratic self-governance.
While officially still called the Republic of China, Taiwan functions as an independent political system with its own elections, judiciary, military, and constitution.
Its leadership under President Lai Ching-te emphasizes Taiwan’s distinct political identity and rejects Beijing’s sovereignty claims.
From Beijing’s perspective, this is framed as separatism. From Taiwan’s perspective, it is democratic self-determination.
The result is a deeply entrenched ideological divide: territorial integrity versus political identity.
Strategic Ambiguity and Global Power Politics
A critical dimension of the Taiwan issue is the role of external powers, particularly the United States.
Washington’s policy of strategic ambiguity — recognizing the One-China framework while maintaining unofficial relations with Taiwan — is widely seen as both stabilizing and contradictory.
At the Abuja salon, Prof. Sheriff Ghali Ibrahim and other speakers framed external engagement with Taiwan as part of what they described as “separatist encouragement,” while emphasizing African alignment with Beijing’s position.
Africa’s Diplomatic Alignment and the One-China Consensus
A recurring theme in Abuja was overwhelming African diplomatic alignment with Beijing.
As multiple presenters emphasized:
“As of May 2026, 53 out of 54 African nations adhere to the One-China policy.”
The only exception remains Eswatini.
At the salon, Prof. Sheriff Ghali Ibrahim argued that this position reflects historical continuity in African diplomacy:
“African nations have consistently stood with China on issues concerning its sovereignty and territorial integrity.”
Dr. Segun Showunmi, who is an Ace Public affairs analyst and social impact expert, with experience in governance, policy and civic engagement added that this alignment is not merely political but developmental:
“That consistency created trust and in international politics, trust often translates into investment, infrastructure, and strategic cooperation.”
The Abuja Diplomatic Intervention: China’s Official Position
A defining moment of the salon came from the representative of the Chinese state — the Counsellor of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Nigeria, Ms.Dong Hairong— who reiterated Beijing’s formal position in unambiguous terms:
“There is only one China in the world, and Taiwan is an inalienable part of China.”
This intervention anchored the entire discussion within the framework of Chinese sovereignty doctrine and reinforced that diplomatic relations with China are premised on acceptance of the One-China Principle.
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Prof. Sam Amadi: Strategic Ambiguity as Diplomatic Reality
Professor Sam Amadi, a policy strategist and law and governance expert, Director, Abuja School of Social and Political Thoughts,
introduced a more analytical framing, arguing that global practice is defined not by clarity but by managed contradiction.
He stated:
“The One-China principle and One-China policy are clear, but difficult to operationalise.”
He further explained:
“What we have today is strategic ambiguity… meaning they acknowledge, but at the same time, they engage.”
For Amadi, the central question for Africa is not ideological but practical:
“Should we foreclose ambiguity and advance a straight One-China principle, which will exclude all kinds of trade and engagement with Taiwan?”
His conclusion favored diplomatic exclusivity with calibrated economic engagement.
Strategic Realism: Why the Status Quo Persists
Despite rhetorical intensity, the Taiwan issue persists in its unresolved form due to structural constraints:
* China cannot accept formal separation without undermining sovereignty doctrine
* Taiwan cannot accept reunification without losing political autonomy
* The United States benefits strategically from ambiguity
* African states largely align diplomatically with Beijing while prioritizing development ties
As Professor Amadi summarized:
“We acknowledge these principles, but we go back there and also deal with Taiwan in trade… using strategic ambiguity.”
Conclusion: History as Contest, Diplomacy as Equilibrium
The Abuja salon underscored a broader truth about the Taiwan question: it is not merely a territorial dispute but a global governance dilemma.
On one side stands China’s categorical assertion, echoed in Abuja:
“There is only one China.”
On the other stands Taiwan’s democratic identity and de facto autonomy.
Between them lies a global system that simultaneously enforces principle and tolerates ambiguity.
As reflected across the Abuja interventions, including those of Prof. Sheriff Ghali Ibrahim, Dr. Segun Showunmi, Prof. Sam Amadi, and the Chinese diplomatic Counsellor, the Taiwan question endures not because it lacks answers — but because every available answer carries strategic consequences the world is unwilling to fully accept.
And so Taiwan remains what it has become in the 21st century: not only a territorial dispute, but a permanent stress test of international order itself.
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Nigeria at 66: “Age of Reform Has Done Its Work; Now Begins Age of Prosperity”, Says Tinubu
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……Era of shared prosperity begins, Tinubu assures
Nigeria has reached a turning point in its economic recovery, President Bola Ahmed Tinubu declared.
He said the period of painful reforms has accomplished its purpose, and the country is now entering what he described as an “age of prosperity”.
Tinubu, in his Independence Day address to Nigerians marking the country’s 66th anniversary this morning, said the central task of his administration would henceforth shift from correcting structural economic distortions to ensuring that the gains of the reforms translate into lower living costs, jobs, increased production and broadly shared prosperity.
“The age of reform has done its work. Now begins the age of prosperity.
“An age in which the promise of this great nation must finally become the lived experience of Nigerians from all walks of life”, the President said.
He said the government’s immediate priority in the new phase would be to bring down the cost of living by reducing the cost of producing and transporting food and other goods consumed by Nigerians.
Tinubu, who likened the state of the economy his administration inherited in 2023 to a cancer patient requiring painful treatment, said the government had completed what he called the “emergency treatment” of the economy and repaired its foundations.
“My fellow Nigerians, we have reached a turning point.
“The emergency treatment is over. The foundation has been repaired. The central economic task before us has changed. For three years, our overriding purpose was to correct our nation’s course.
“Now, our purpose is simple: shared and widespread prosperity,” he said.
The President said the prosperity being envisaged was not merely about headline economic growth or improved statistics, but about creating conditions under which Nigerians could afford food and transportation, access education and healthcare, secure productive employment and confidently plan their future.
He said his administration would pursue increased agricultural production through mechanised irrigation, dry-season farming, improved access to seeds and fertiliser, greater mechanisation and investment in storage and transportation.
According to him, ongoing investments in roads, railways and ports would also reduce the cost of moving produce and manufactured goods from farms and factories to markets.
“Our logic is simple. When a farmer produces more cheaply, when fewer crops are lost between the farm and the market, when a manufacturer spends less on electricity, when a truck reaches its destination faster, and when the business environment fosters fair competition, all those savings will ultimately find their way into the price of goods in the market,” he said.
Tinubu said job creation, enterprise development and industrial expansion would also be placed at the centre of government policy, with greater emphasis on gas-powered industries, revival of manufacturing centres, digital connectivity and improved access to infrastructure and finance.
The President said the country must convert its huge youthful population into an engine of economic production by equipping young people with skills demanded by employers and creating conditions for Nigerian businesses to expand.
“I want to see more Nigerians making things. I want to see more Nigerian farms feeding our cities and supplying our factories. I want to see Nigerian businesses selling Nigerian goods to the whole world. I want young Nigerians building unicorns and creating opportunities for others here at home,” he said.
Defending the economic reforms undertaken since his assumption of office, Tinubu rejected calls for a reversal of some of the policies, particularly subsidies, arguing that the measures did not create Nigeria’s economic weaknesses but were introduced to confront them.
The President compared previous economic management approaches to administering painkillers to a cancer patient instead of treating the underlying disease.
“For too long, Nigeria’s leaders chose morphine while praying for a miracle that never came.
“They focused on symptoms while allowing the disease to take hold deep within the fabric of our society. We spent enormous sums sustaining inefficient arrangements that were never intended to last. We hid from difficult truths and passed the consequences from one generation to the next,” he said.
Tinubu acknowledged that the reforms imposed hardship on Nigerians, saying their “side effects were real,” but insisted that Nigerians must distinguish between what he described as the medicine and the disease.
“Our reforms did not create the weaknesses in our economy. They confronted them.
“Now, as certain influential but regressive voices would have us abandon the treatment and return ourselves to the abuse of addictive subsidies, we must resist their siren song. We must remember why we began this journey and how far we have already come,” he said.
The President said three and a half years after the reforms began, the country’s economic outlook had improved, citing economic growth of more than four per cent this year, contributions from both oil and non-oil sectors, declining oil theft, falling inflation, improved foreign reserves and greater stability in the foreign exchange market.
He also said Nigeria recorded its highest non-oil export revenue in 2025, exceeding $6 billion, adding that increased foreign direct investment and private sector activity reflected improving confidence in the economy.
While acknowledging that millions of Nigerians were still struggling with food, school fees, healthcare, transportation and other basic needs, Tinubu said the government would continue strengthening support for vulnerable households while pursuing policies capable of lifting people permanently out of poverty.
He said the National Social Register was being improved to ensure assistance reached those genuinely in need, while programmes such as the Nigerian Education Loan Fund and the Nigerian Consumer Credit Corporation, CREDICORP, were designed to broaden access to education and essential assets.
According to him, the government would also work with states and local governments to strengthen primary healthcare, basic education and other public services relied upon by low-income Nigerians.
“These programmes are not substitutes for prosperity. They are a bridge to aid our nation’s citizens on their path towards it. Our objective is not to manage poverty more efficiently.
“We will defeat it,” Tinubu declared.
He admitted that reversing decades of poverty, low productivity, inadequate infrastructure and weak institutions would take time, discipline, sustained economic growth and the creation of millions of productive opportunities.
“We cannot erase in four years what accumulated over generations. But we can change its course. We can build an economy that steadily lifts people out of poverty while ensuring that those who remain vulnerable are not abandoned along the way,” he said.
Reflecting on Nigeria’s 66 years of independence, Tinubu paid tribute to generations of Nigerians who had kept faith with the country despite war, military rule, economic crises, insecurity and political upheavals.
He also praised farmers, traders, teachers, entrepreneurs and members of the Armed Forces and security agencies, saying their sacrifices had sustained the country through difficult periods.
The President said Nigeria’s founding fathers fought not merely for a flag, anthem or international recognition, but for Nigerians to have the freedom to determine their destiny and build a country capable of providing opportunity, dignity and a better life.
He urged Nigerians not to retreat from the difficult choices already made, expressing confidence that the sacrifices of recent years would eventually translate into improved living standards.
“Nigeria has corrected its course. We have passed through our own Red Sea. This is not the time to look back. Let us go forward together, with faith in ourselves, faith in our country, and faith that the sacrifices we have made will yield their reward,” Tinubu said.
Describing the country’s desired destination as a “Promised Land” of abundance, opportunity and broadly shared prosperity, the President said the foundations for that future had already been laid.
“Our destination is in sight. Our foundations are strong. Our direction is clear. So let us go forward. No looking back,” he declared.
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BREAKING: President Tinubu Returns to Nigeria from European Working Visit
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President Bola Tinubu has returned to Nigeria after spending about four weeks in Europe. Government
The presidential aircraft carrying the President landed at the Presidential Wing of the Murtala Muhammed International Airport at about 6:22 p.m. on Tuesday.
Journalists at the airport were restricted from taking visuals of the President’s arrival as the aircraft made its way to the terminal.
Tinubu departed Nigeria on August 30 for London, then travelled to Paris, where he held engagements with French President Emmanuel Macron, including a dinner. Government
His return marks the end of his extended stay abroad; the President is expected to participate in activities marking Nigeria’s 66th Independence Anniversary on October 1st.
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Tinubu Unveils $7bn Plan to Drive Ogun Deep Seaport, Special Economic Zone, Says Onanuga
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President Bola Tinubu has unveiled an investment package of more than $7 billion for the development of the Ogun State Blue Marine Special Economic Zone and the Gateway Deep Seaport, describing the projects as a major step towards strengthening Nigeria’s maritime economy and attracting foreign investment.
In a statement by his Spokesman, Bayo Onanuga, on Thursday, the President spoke in Paris, France, during the signing of Memoranda of Understanding between the Ogun State Government and DP World, a global ports and logistics operator, for the development of the projects.
Tinubu assured domestic and foreign investors that the Federal Government would continue to provide regulatory clarity, policy stability and a predictable business environment to support long-term investments in Nigeria.
“The agreements before us bring together vision, expertise, capital and execution capacity. I particularly welcome DP World, one of the world’s leading port and logistics operators,” the President said.
He added that the Federal Government would provide the necessary regulatory and institutional support to ensure that the projects moved seamlessly from agreements to implementation.
According to the President, the agreements are expected to attract an initial investment of more than $7 billion into the Nigerian economy and create over 50,000 direct jobs when fully developed, alongside additional indirect employment opportunities.
Tinubu said the projects would also generate non-oil export earnings and contribute to Nigeria’s economic diversification.
“This is economic diversification made tangible. This is industrialisation made visible. This is Renewed Hope in action,” he said.
The proposed Gateway Deep Seaport at Ogun Waterside will have a four-kilometre berth and an 18-
metre draft. The facility is expected to help decongest the Lagos port corridor and ease pressure on the Apapa and Tin Can Island ports.
The president said the deeper draft would enable the port to accommodate larger vessels while providing a competitive gateway for trade within Nigeria and across the African Continental Free Trade Area.
He noted that the proposed Ogun State Blue Marine Special Economic Zone would cover about 10,000 hectares and would be integrated with the deep seaport to support manufacturing, processing, exports and logistics.
“The Gateway Deep Seaport is the critical infrastructure that will support the zone’s viability. A port moves cargo; a port integrated with a special economic zone helps to build an economy. Each reinforces the other,” Tinubu said.
He said the Federal Government would facilitate road, rail and power connectivity to the projects, while strengthening investment security and the maritime domain and removing unnecessary bureaucratic obstacles.
The president also linked the projects to the Lagos-Calabar Coastal Highway, describing the Ogun section of the road as a critical transport connection for the emerging industrial and maritime corridor.
“The Lagos–Calabar Coastal Highway is central to this corridor’s commercial viability,” he said, adding that the 28-kilometre Ogun section of the 700-kilometre highway was scheduled for completion before the end of the year.
Tinubu said the port and industrial zone would also form part of a wider strategic corridor linking the proposed Nigerian Navy Operating Base and Dockyard with the OK LNG Project.
The President commended Ogun State Governor Dapo Abiodun and his administration for securing the land and structuring the investment framework.
“I commend Governor Dapo Abiodun and the government and people of Ogun State for securing the land, structuring the investment framework and reducing project risks for global investors,” he said.
Governor Abiodun led the Ogun State delegation at the signing ceremony, which also included state commissioners and other senior officials.
Senior representatives of DP World, the Nigerian Ports Authority and SkyKapital were also present at the event.
Tinubu urged Ogun State and the investors to maintain the momentum created by the agreements and move quickly towards implementation.
“Nigeria lies at the heart of West African trade. Yet, our strategic advantage has been constrained by port congestion, inadequate draft capacity and logistics bottlenecks that increase the cost of doing business. These projects respond directly to those constraints,” he said.
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